Природничі науки, математика, статистика
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Browsing Природничі науки, математика, статистика by Subject "TECHNOLOGY::Other technology"
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Item Development of bus body technologies in terms of corrosion and durability(ПП «ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЦЕНТР», Український державний університет залізничного транспорту, 2022) Ruban, Dmytro; Kraynyk, Lubomyr; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Ruban, Hanna; Захарова, Марія В'ячеславівна; Zakharova, Maria; Бурмістров, Сергій Владиславович; Burmistrov, Sergiy; Хотунов, Владислав Ігорович; Khotunov, Vladyslav; Metelap, VolodymyrThe object of this study is the technology of bus bodies and the formation of recommendations for design bodywork subject to the regulated durability of the body introduced into production. Advancing the technology of manufacturing bus bodies implies improving anti-corrosion protection, using new polymeric materials, and reducing the length of welds. The issue of corrosion resistance of bus bodies has been considered. It is established that the use of new polymeric materials will increase the corrosion resistance of bus bodies while existing technologies weakly protect against corrosion (resource up to 5 years). The peculiarity of this study is that the adhesion of new materials has been tested, with artificial aging, which confirms the durability of glued joints. According to the old technology, the body was exposed to anticorrosive treatment after welding the cladding with uncovered places left between the frame and body cladding, which provoked corrosion. The main idea is that in the new technology, the cladding is welded or glued after the body frame is fully coated with primer. New technologies and materials not used in the automotive industry have been proposed. Three variants of technologies were put into production. First: the welding of steel zinc sheets. In welding sites, the frame is covered with conductive primer. It was implemented for school buses (after 7 years, without damage). Second: gluing steel zinc sheets. It was implemented for city buses (after 6 years, without damage). Third: gluing sheets from composite materials not used in the automotive industry. The transition to new adhesive cladding technologies from composite corrosion-resistant materials instead of steel sheet, reduces by 2.5–3 times the length of welds (up to 20 years without damage). The studies have confirmed the strength of glued joints (cohesion rupture exceeds 95 %). The reliability of glued joints and high corrosion resistance of the body have been confirmed in the operation of buses. The scope of practical use of the results: bus-building plants. The reported results are suitable for production of all types while cataphoretic coatings are only for mass productionItem Development of technological principles of technical control of bus bodies during operation based on passive safety conditions(Державний університет "Житомирська політехніка", 2022) Рубан, Дмитро Петрович; Ruban, Dmytro; Крайник, Любомир Васильович; Kraynyk, Lubomyr; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Ruban, Hanna; Грубель, Михайло Григорович; Hrubel, Mykhailo; Дужий, Роман Володимирович; Duzhyi, Roman; Бабарига, Андрій Святославович; Babaryha, AndriiThe object of this study is the permissible limits of aging of bus bodies during operation and the formation of appropriate recommendations to control them based on the conditions of compliance of the body with passive safety rules. According to the current method, the new model of the bus is checked for compliance with passive safety by a destructive method. However, during operation, the physical and mechanical properties of the body deteriorate until the moment of non-compliance with the requirements of passive safety. Therefore, the principles of technical control of bus bodies under the conditions of passive safety by non-destructive methods, the implementation of which became possible during the operation of buses, have been developed. 3 implementation options have been proposed. In the first variant, visual control is complemented by a measuring tool – an ultrasonic thickness gauge for measuring the thickness of the frame pipes. This method has not previously been used in the certification of vehicles. The second option involves checking the mechanical properties during repairs on a breaking machine. It is proved that during the restoration repairs of buses, the endurance limit of the steel elements of the body frame is reduced by 1.14–3.33 times. In the third variant, the methodology for modeling and calculating the stressed-strained state of the body was improved based on the method of finite elements, taking into account the effects of corrosion and fatigue strength of the metal of the frame. When modeling, the deformation of the body racks exceeded the permissible values by 1.5–2.0 times. This non-destructive method makes it possible to check the bus for compliance with passive safety requirements during operation, which was previously impossible. The scope of practical application is the introduction of research results into the real practice of operating buses at the legislative level. The results are suitable for monitoring the technical condition of buses by non-destructive methods during operation.Item Forecasting the Durability of Public Transport Bus Bodies Depending on Operating Conditions(ПП «ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЦЕНТР», 2021) Рубан, Дмитро Петрович; Ruban, Dmytro; Крайник, Любомир Васильович; Kraynyk, Lubomir; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Ruban, Hanna; Сосик, Андрій Юрійович; Sosyk, Andrii; Сосик, Андрій Юрійович; Shcherbyna, Andriy; Щербина, Андрій Васильович; Dudarenko, Olga; Артюх, Олександр Миколайович; Artyukh, AlexanderThis paper addresses the issue related to forecasting the durability indicators of public transport buses under operational conditions. It has been established that when buses are operated to transport passengers the bus bodies wear at different intensities. During operation, the strength of the body frame weakens under the influence of corrosion in combination with sites of fatigue destruction. As it was established, the intensity of corrosion of the bus body depends on the number of residents in the city where the bus is operated. The earlier established dependences were taken into consideration; the current study has identified two conditional variants of corrosion evolution based on the number of inhabitants: up to 1 million and exceeding 1 million. The expediency of repairs and their impact on the bus passive safety has been analyzed. It was found that the elements of the body frame, without external characteristic damage, no longer meet the specified conditions of strength as a result of sign-alternating loads and during long-term operation. Determining the durability of the bus body was made possible through the construction of a mathematical model. The model’s adequacy was confirmed by road tests of the bus. The devised model describes the movement of the bus over a road surface with different micro profiles, with different corrosion penetration, different loading by passengers, and bus speeds. It was established that the reason for the evolution of structural corrosion is the influence of salt mixtures preventing the icing of roads, as well as ignoring the washing of buses after such trips. It is recommended to use new software for the in-depth study into this issue addressing the combination of various factors of destruction: cyclic loads at variable bus speeds and the corrosion progress. The study results could make it possible to predict a life cycle of the body frame under factors that correspond to actual operating conditions.Item Вдосконалення системи технічного контролю та допуску до експлуатації автобусів громадського транспорту(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2019) Рубан, Дмитро Петрович; Крайник, Любомир Васильович; Рубан, Ганна ЯківнаПроведено аналіз європейського обов’язкового технічного контролю (TÜV) та порівняно з технічним контролем в Україні. Встановлено, що чинне законодавство щодо обов’язкового технічного контролю в Україні потребує доопрацювання. Запропоновані доопрацювання дозволять підвищити пасивну безпеку автобусів та стимулюватимуть ефективне оновлення парку автобусів громадського транспорту України.Item Оцінка впливу введення площадок низького входу «low-entry» в структуру несівного кузова на ресурсні характеристики автобуса в експлуатації(Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, 2018) Рубан, Дмитро Петрович; Крайник, Любомир Васильович; Рубан, Ганна ЯківнаПроведено оцінку впливу введення площадок низького входу в структуру несівного кузова на ресурсні характеристики автобуса. Наведено реальні приклади пошкоджень кузова та елементів підвіски. Запропоновано перегляд та уточнення граничних умов для розрахунку МКЕ каркасу кузова та вдосконалення структури та сортаменту труб.