Browsing by Author "Ruban, Hanna"

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    Development of bus body technologies in terms of corrosion and durability
    (ПП «ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЦЕНТР», Український державний університет залізничного транспорту, 2022) Ruban, Dmytro; Kraynyk, Lubomyr; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Ruban, Hanna; Захарова, Марія В'ячеславівна; Zakharova, Maria; Бурмістров, Сергій Владиславович; Burmistrov, Sergii; Хотунов, Владислав Ігорович; Khotunov, Vladyslav; Metelap, Volodymyr
    The object of this study is the technology of bus bodies and the formation of recommendations for design bodywork subject to the regulated durability of the body introduced into production. Advancing the technology of manufacturing bus bodies implies improving anti-corrosion protection, using new polymeric materials, and reducing the length of welds. The issue of corrosion resistance of bus bodies has been considered. It is established that the use of new polymeric materials will increase the corrosion resistance of bus bodies while existing technologies weakly protect against corrosion (resource up to 5 years). The peculiarity of this study is that the adhesion of new materials has been tested, with artificial aging, which confirms the durability of glued joints. According to the old technology, the body was exposed to anticorrosive treatment after welding the cladding with uncovered places left between the frame and body cladding, which provoked corrosion. The main idea is that in the new technology, the cladding is welded or glued after the body frame is fully coated with primer. New technologies and materials not used in the automotive industry have been proposed. Three variants of technologies were put into production. First: the welding of steel zinc sheets. In welding sites, the frame is covered with conductive primer. It was implemented for school buses (after 7 years, without damage). Second: gluing steel zinc sheets. It was implemented for city buses (after 6 years, without damage). Third: gluing sheets from composite materials not used in the automotive industry. The transition to new adhesive cladding technologies from composite corrosion-resistant materials instead of steel sheet, reduces by 2.5–3 times the length of welds (up to 20 years without damage). The studies have confirmed the strength of glued joints (cohesion rupture exceeds 95 %). The reliability of glued joints and high corrosion resistance of the body have been confirmed in the operation of buses. The scope of practical use of the results: bus-building plants. The reported results are suitable for production of all types while cataphoretic coatings are only for mass production
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    Development of technological principles of technical control of bus bodies during operation based on passive safety conditions
    (Державний університет "Житомирська політехніка", 2022) Рубан, Дмитро Петрович; Ruban, Dmytro; Крайник, Любомир Васильович; Kraynyk, Lubomyr; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Ruban, Hanna; Грубель, Михайло Григорович; Hrubel, Mykhailo; Дужий, Роман Володимирович; Duzhyi, Roman; Бабарига, Андрій Святославович; Babaryha, Andrii
    The object of this study is the permissible limits of aging of bus bodies during operation and the formation of appropriate recommendations to control them based on the conditions of compliance of the body with passive safety rules. According to the current method, the new model of the bus is checked for compliance with passive safety by a destructive method. However, during operation, the physical and mechanical properties of the body deteriorate until the moment of non-compliance with the requirements of passive safety. Therefore, the principles of technical control of bus bodies under the conditions of passive safety by non-destructive methods, the implementation of which became possible during the operation of buses, have been developed. 3 implementation options have been proposed. In the first variant, visual control is complemented by a measuring tool – an ultrasonic thickness gauge for measuring the thickness of the frame pipes. This method has not previously been used in the certification of vehicles. The second option involves checking the mechanical properties during repairs on a breaking machine. It is proved that during the restoration repairs of buses, the endurance limit of the steel elements of the body frame is reduced by 1.14–3.33 times. In the third variant, the methodology for modeling and calculating the stressed-strained state of the body was improved based on the method of finite elements, taking into account the effects of corrosion and fatigue strength of the metal of the frame. When modeling, the deformation of the body racks exceeded the permissible values by 1.5–2.0 times. This non-destructive method makes it possible to check the bus for compliance with passive safety requirements during operation, which was previously impossible. The scope of practical application is the introduction of research results into the real practice of operating buses at the legislative level. The results are suitable for monitoring the technical condition of buses by non-destructive methods during operation.
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    Devising an approach to assessing the durability of bus body on a frame chassis
    (ПП «ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЦЕНТР», Український державний університет залізничного транспорту, 2023) Ruban, Dmytro; Kraynyk, Lubomyr; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Ruban, Hanna; Захарова, Марія В'ячеславівна; Zakharova, Maria; Metelap, Volodymyr; Хотунов, Владислав Ігорович; Khotunov, Vladyslav; Михайлюта, Сергій Леонтійович; Mykhaylyuta, Sergiy
    The object of this study is the processes and permissible limits of aging of bus bodies on the frame chassis during operation.As a result of research by simulation method, the durability of the bus on the frame chassis, was determined, which is in the range from 5 to 11 years depending on the operating conditions. The study took into account the following factors: passen-ger occupancy, microprofile of the road, bus speed, corrosion. The durability of the bus depends pri-marily on the durability of the frame and body frame. Since the frame is made of alloy steels and heat-treated, it is not repaired but replaced with a new one when cracks in the frame are formed.When determining the durability of the bus on the frame chassis, it was found that the frame has 1.5–1.8 times greater durability than the body frame itself. This is because the frame is made of alloyed materials and has an open structure. The body frame has closed cavities, which provoke the development of corrosion with the accumulation of moisture in them.A feature of the results is that previous studies considered buses only with a load-bearing body structure.The issue of durability of bodies on the frame chassis has been considered. As experience shows, the durability of bus bodies on a frame chassis depends on many operational factors. For operat-ing organizations and manufacturing plants, it is important to provide for the durability of the bus depending on the operating conditions. The results of this study will allow operating organizations to provide for scheduled repairs, as well as take measures to increase the service life of buses during operation. For manufacturing plants, the findings will make it possible to apply rational technologies and materials to form the service life of the bus body.
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    Estimation of fuel consumption in standard driving cycles and in real bus operation
    (ПП «Технологічний центр», Полтавська державна аграрна академія, 2025) Ruban, Dmytro; Krainyk, Lybomyr; Ruban, Hanna; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Shevchuk, Viktor; Artyukh, Oleksandr; Mahats, Miron; Sukach, Oleg; Khotunov, Vladyslav; Хотунов, Владислав Ігорович
    The object of research is the basic fuel consumption of a bus in standard urban cycles and identical conditions in real operation. Standard driving cycles are used to estimate fuel consumption. This allows consumers to compare buses and choose the best one, and manufacturers in the process of improving buses also allow them to estimate fuel consumption. However, sometimes standards may not correspond to reality. Therefore, specific routes are developed for some cities, which requires significant development costs. This problem is solved by collecting reliable information on average fuel consumption with an operating period of 1 year and bus mileage of 40–90 thousand km. As a rule, operating organizations do not provide such information. The development of electronic control systems allows to obtain information from "black boxes" additionally installed by the manufacturer, which record information throughout the entire service life of the bus. This approach is implemented in this work .Existing standards for determining fuel consumption in urban driving cycles are presented. The results of modeling and real tests are presented. Information was collected from the "black boxes" on fuel consumption on 12 buses for 1 year of operation with mileage from 40 to 90 thousand km on Ataman A092N6 buses. Fuel consumption was 16.4–21.2 l/100 km when operating buses in one city (the manufacturer claims up to 23 l/100 km). This makes it possible to solve the problem of collecting reliable information on fuel consump-tion based on year-round operation of buses, which has not been carried out in this format before.The results of this study will allow operating organizations to see the real fuel consumption on Ataman A092N6 buses in the city. Implementation of this approach on other buses will allow obtaining data for interested organizations in a similar way. This will allow estimating fuel consumption without additional tests, which will reduce research costs.
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    Forecasting the Durability of Public Transport Bus Bodies Depending on Operating Conditions
    (ПП «ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЦЕНТР», 2021) Рубан, Дмитро Петрович; Ruban, Dmytro; Крайник, Любомир Васильович; Kraynyk, Lubomir; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Ruban, Hanna; Сосик, Андрій Юрійович; Sosyk, Andrii; Сосик, Андрій Юрійович; Shcherbyna, Andriy; Щербина, Андрій Васильович; Dudarenko, Olga; Артюх, Олександр Миколайович; Artyukh, Oleksandr
    This paper addresses the issue related to forecasting the durability indicators of public transport buses under operational conditions. It has been established that when buses are operated to transport passengers the bus bodies wear at different intensities. During operation, the strength of the body frame weakens under the influence of corrosion in combination with sites of fatigue destruction. As it was established, the intensity of corrosion of the bus body depends on the number of residents in the city where the bus is operated. The earlier established dependences were taken into consideration; the current study has identified two conditional variants of corrosion evolution based on the number of inhabitants: up to 1 million and exceeding 1 million. The expediency of repairs and their impact on the bus passive safety has been analyzed. It was found that the elements of the body frame, without external characteristic damage, no longer meet the specified conditions of strength as a result of sign-alternating loads and during long-term operation. Determining the durability of the bus body was made possible through the construction of a mathematical model. The model’s adequacy was confirmed by road tests of the bus. The devised model describes the movement of the bus over a road surface with different micro profiles, with different corrosion penetration, different loading by passengers, and bus speeds. It was established that the reason for the evolution of structural corrosion is the influence of salt mixtures preventing the icing of roads, as well as ignoring the washing of buses after such trips. It is recommended to use new software for the in-depth study into this issue addressing the combination of various factors of destruction: cyclic loads at variable bus speeds and the corrosion progress. The study results could make it possible to predict a life cycle of the body frame under factors that correspond to actual operating conditions.
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    Identifying the influence of micro profile of rural roads on the durability of bus body when carrying passengers
    (Український державний університет залізничного транспорту, ПП «Технологічний центр», 2025) Ruban, Dmytro; Krainyk, Lybomyr; Ruban, Hanna; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Khimka, Stepan; Sukach, Oleg; Khotunov, Vladyslav; Хотунов, Владислав Ігорович; Shevchuk, Viktor; Dufanets, Ihor; Artyukh, Oleksandr
    The object of this study is the durability of a bus body when passengers are transported on rural roads. According to the European classification, the total length of roads in Ukraine that correspond to the first category does not exceed 5 %. That is, all other 95 % of roads have a quality level that does not meet the regulatory operating conditions. In particular, in rural areas, buses are operated both on worn asphalt-concrete surfaces and on dirt and gravel roads. Such operating conditions additionally lead to intensive wear of buses and significantly worsen the durability of their bodies. The task to determine the influence of worn and dirt roads on the durability of the bus body during passenger transportation in rural areas could be solved by the durability assessment procedure proposed in this paper. The current work presents patterns that make it possible to predict the degradation of the bus body material that affect the durability of the body. The factors of influence during the operation of buses on rural routes have been substantiated and presented. The simulation results show that when operating buses on rural roads, cracks in the body frame of the body occur at runs that are 3.8–13.1 times less than under regulatory operating conditions. The proposed procedure for assessing the durability of a bus body when transporting passengers on rural roads makes it possible to predict the deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of the elements of the bus body frame and take measures at the design stage to increase their reliability and durability.
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    Predictive Assessment of Bus Body Life in the Matlab Simulink Software Environment
    (University of Žilina, 2024) Ruban, Dmytro; Lanets, Olena; Kraynyk, Lubomyr; Kovalyshyn, Stepan; Ruban, Hanna; Рубан, Ганна Яківна; Madleňák, Radovan; Maciaszczyk, Magdalena
    The lifespan prediction of the bus body of the load-bearing structure has been made and compared to the results of real operation. The maximum approximation of the simulation modelling results in Matlab Simulink to real operation is explained by taking into account a sufficient number of factors influencing durability. This research has the particularity that it allows determining the durability of the bus body even at the design stage, which was not possible with accelerated tests or during the operation of the bus on real routes. The obtained results can be used by bus manufacturers at the design stage, allowing them to change the construction and technology of anticorrosion protection, thereby influencing the durability. In addition, operating organizations will be interested in the obtained results when using the developed methodology in various operating conditions.