Browsing by Author "Kuklin, Oleg"
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Item An institutional approach to the analysis of kleptocratic economy in the context of Europeanization(LLC Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2019) Пустовійт, Роберт Фрідріхович; Pustoviit, Robert; Куклін, Олег Володимирович; Kuklin, Oleg; Криворучко, Михайло Юрійович; Kryvoruchko, MykhailoRelevance. Kleptocratic economy, as an institutional system, is oriented towards a key function that involves gaining wealth by the ruling elite through the introduction of non-market transaction costs for companies and households, which is based on administrative, bureaucratic, and political violence. For this purpose, the kleptocratic states create such systems of state institutional management that give the authorities the possibility of rent-oriented behaviour, which impedes the functioning of the real sector of the economy and encourages the shadow one. Under such circumstances, transaction costs are redirected to administrative intervention into the market mechanism, rather than aimed at increasing its efficiency; property rights are not clearly specified; the level of uncertainty about rules and norms of economic behaviour increases, and the motivational system of business activity is distorted. As a result, on the one hand, inefficient allocation of resources and slow economic growth (decline) are observed, and on the other hand, there is the redistribution of income in favour of the ruling elite and its excessive enrichment, that is detrimental to the welfare of the majority of the population. The aim of the article is to analyse the political-economic formation of a kleptocratic basis, which in the future transforms the state and its economy into kleptocratic formations; defining ways of counteraction and institutional capacity for transformations in the direction of Ukraine’s aspirations for European integration. Methodological basis.The methodological basis of the research is the work of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of institutionalism and kleptocratic economy. The models of the development of a kleptocratic state and the influence of kleptocratic factors on the socio-economic processes in the country have been studied with the application of the method of analysis, systematization, and generalization. Results. It is determined that in order to liquidate the grounds of kleptocratic economy, it is of primary necessity to eliminate institutional obstacles that interfere with the unification of the legal and shadow sectors of the economy and ensure their institutional formalization. This requires the introduction of effective ways of restraining the ruling elite in order to restrict corruption abuses of the government and its close reigning coalition with special privileges and bureaucracies and form an institutional structure, in which firms and households have clearly defined property rights and also have the possibility to protect contractual rights provided by formal institutes. Particular attention should be paid to the ways of civil society’s monitoring the state information policy and methods of adopting laws, which is, the institutional foundation that guarantees the openness of information as to the actions of government institutions. According to the results of the study, definite measures are proposed, the implementation of which will ensure the opportunities for Europeanization, particularly in Ukraine. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the important factors of counteracting the kleptocratic economy are the wage reform and the “transparent” selection of employees in the public administration sector on the basis of their professional qualities only.Item Flexible technologies of university management as a tool to increase their competitiveness(Національна академія наук Республіки Казахстан, 2019) Grishnova, Olena; Грішнова, Олена Антонівна; Azmuk, Nadiya; Азьмук, Надія Анатоліївна; Kuklin, Oleg; Куклін, Олег ВолодимировичHigher education faces global challenges caused by the dynamic change of the socium itself and the educational environment under the influence of globalization and extensive digitization of the society. The labor market requires the formation of a new generation of professionals capable of effective development and self-realiza-tion. The main problem that impedes the development of the Ukrainian education is the excessive bureaucratization of the educational process in universities where innovations do not find their practical implementation. This makes the higher education system unresponsive to external changes, whichleads to the production and transfer of redun-dant and irrelevant knowledgefor modern business environment. The above-mentioned factors determine the low level of competitiveness of Ukrainian higher education institutions. In this regard, there is a need to introduce Scrum management technology in the university education, based on the effective interaction of all participants of the educational process with a prominent level of flexibility and adaptability. Theoretical and methodological base of the article - conceptual positions and researches of experts on flexible technologies of management. Based on the results of the study, the authors formed the main provisions of the Uniscrum. The article deals with the crucial problems in the field of higher education. The employment of flexible Scrum technology in the management of higher education institutions to increase the efficiency of their activities is justified. The relevance of the values and principles of Agile flexible approach to the activities of universities in Ukraine is investigated. Authors’ definition of "Uniscrum" is proposed. The functions and principles of Uniscrum in relation to the management of the activities of universities are formulated. The key approaches to the use of Uniscrum are defined. The introduction of Uniscrum management technology in higher education as a project approach to managing the training of highly skilled professionals at universities will contribute to the effectiveness of educational activities, since it will provide the production and transfer of valuable professional knowledge for modern business.Item Institutional analysis of interregional socio-economic convergence in the context of European integration: interdisciplinary methodological approach development(Publishing House of Polonia University "Educator", ISMA University of Applied Sciences, LLC Publishing House "Baltija Publishing", 2019) Куклін, Олег Володимирович; Kuklin, Oleg; Криворучко, Михайло Юрійович; Kryvoruchko, MykhailoRelevance. The problem of interregional convergence within EU-countries has been of great interest among scholars. Such an interest is explained by the fact that joining the European Union may cause deepening interregional disparities among EU-members. As a result, there is a need to develop a model of interregional convergence in socio-economic development that would help countries to face the challenges of regional development during the process of European integration. The multidimensional nature of issues relating to interregional disparities implies the usage of an institutional approach that allows an analysis combining economic and non-economic factors. The purpose of this paper is to develop an interdisciplinary methodological approach to the analysis of interregional socio-economic convergence in the context of European integration from the institutional perspective. Methodological basis. Valuable and very interesting studies along this research line have been undertaken by a number of scholars who have used different methodological approaches that include neoclassical analysis, “core-periphery” theory, institutionalism, “resource abundance curse” phenomenon. The outcomes of their studies serve as a solid ground for in-depth research on interregional convergence that allows analysing this phenomenon from different perspectives. However, the issues regarding the regional dimension of institutional influence on the socio-economic development in the context of European integration have not been thoroughly covered in the economic studies. Results. Based on analysis of theoretical and empirical studies in the areas of interregional disparities and institutional economics, the interdisciplinary methodological approach has been developed, which implies reaching the following objectives: 1) to analyse interregional disparities in EU-members within the framework of neo-classical growth theory, 2) to examine regional dynamics using methodology of “core-periphery” theory (“New Economic Geography”); 3) to research the presence of “resource abundance curse” phenomenon in the regional development in the EU-countries; 4) to examine the institutional dimension of interregional disparities; 5) to analyse position papers on the EU Cohesion Policy implementation to outline the institutional challenges of the latter. Therefore, the research output allows developing an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the institutional aspect of socio-economic convergence that combines a quantitative (empirical) and qualitative analysis.Item Institutional and Socio-Economic Factors of the Educational Trend in Ukraine in the Context of European Integration(Національний технічний університет «Дніпровська політехніка», 2021) Куклін, Олег Володимирович; Kuklin, Oleg; Пустовійт, Роберт Фрідріхович; Pustoviit, Robert; Азьмук, Надія Анатоліївна; Azmuk, Nadiya; Гунько, Вікторія Іванівна; Gunko, Viktoriia; Моісєєва, Наталія Іванівна; Moisieieva, N.I.Purpose. To assess institutional factors and the results of education reform in Ukraine, considering economic and social development of the country; to specify the main institutional European integration tendencies of Ukraine in the field of education taking into account the factor of human capital. Methodology. The methodological basis of the work proposed involves such universal methods of scientific knowledge as analysis; synthesis; inductive method; deductive method; causal modeling; combined application of complementary approaches and methods based on the principles of general scientific methodology, in particular, сompetency-based, person-centered, culturological ones. Findings. It is found that the conditions for reforming Ukrainian education taking into account the global educational and European integration trends provide for institutional processes in the socio-economic sphere and radical changes in the content, forms of organization and methods of teaching and education. Namely, this refers to designing the educational process as an institution of successful personal and professional socialization based on EU requirements, which will lead to the growth of national capital through accelerated human accumulation and bring Ukraine closer to complete European integration. Originality. The study identifies key trends in Ukrainian, European and world educational spheres, as well as the reasons that negatively affect the development of education in Ukraine and do not allow it to significantly influence the competitive potential of countries and deliver on European integration opportunities. In contrast to previously suggested investigations, this approach focuses on the institutional and socio-economic factors of the educational trend. Practical value. The results of the research can be used by experts in the formation of institutional requirements for designing the trend of the education system in Ukraine, taking into account the requirements of European integration.Item Institutional Genesis of Kleptocratic Economy and Its Formation in Ukraine(НТУ "Дніпровська політехніка", 2021) Пустовійт, Роберт Фрідріхович; Pustoviit, Robert; Куклін, Олег Володимирович; Kuklin, Oleg; Азьмук, Надія Анатоліївна; Azmuk, Nadiya; Якушик, Іван Давидович; Yakushyk, Ivan; Гунько, Вікторія Іванівна; Gunko, ViktoriiaАналіз клептократичної економіки як інституційного устрою, що зорієнтоване на ключову функцію отримання джерел доходів правлячою псевдоелітою шляхом упровадження корупційних неринкових трансакційних витрат для фірм і домогосподарств, підґрунтям яких є адміністративно-бюрократичне й політичне насильство. У пропонованому науковому дослідженні вирізняємо три типи методів дослідження: по-перше, притаманні пізнанню в цілому (загально логічні) методи, такі як: аналіз, синтез, абстрагування, узагальнення, індукція, дедукція, аналогія; по-друге, загальнонаукові, у першу чергу емпіричні методи дослідження, а саме: спостереження, опис, вимірювання; по-третє, теоретичні методи пізнання, що використовуються економічною наукою, зокрема: ідеалізації; формалізації; аксіоматичний метод побудови теоретичного знання; гіпотизичнодедуктивний метод побудови й розвитку теоретичного знання. Проаналізована соціально-економічна конструкція України з точки зору факторів, що зумовлені впливом формальних і неформальних інститутів у клептократичній економіці та впливають на корупційні ризики. Надані рекомендації з модернізації інституційного середовища в Україні в контексті сучасної методологічної парадигми пошуку точок дотику взаємодії влади, бізнесу й суспільства. У пропонованому дослідженні здійснено комплексний аналіз інституційного середовища української економіки, що надає переконливі підстави характеризувати її як клептократичну, і в якій ще належить здійснити запропоновані в роботі фундаментальні модернізації з урахуванням євроінтеграційних перспектив. На відміну від раніше запропонованих досліджень, представлений підхід фокусується на кореляційному взаємозв’язку між показниками якості інститутів, ВВП на душу населення, індексами корупції в Україні та у досліджуваних країнах Європейського Союзу. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані профільними експертами при формуванні інституційних вимог для створення дієвої системи щодо запобігання корупції.Item Тенденції формування інтелектуального потенціалу в структурі глобальної економіки(Центральноукраїнський національний технічний університет, 2019) Каленюк, Ірина Сергіївна; Kalenyuk, Iryna; Куклін, Олег Володимирович; Kuklin, OlegОбґрунтовано, що формування інтелектуального потенціалу в процесі глобалізації є визначальним чинником підвищення конкурентоспроможності національних економік та розвитку глобального ринку на сучасному етапі. Виокремлено ключові фактори, що визначають його розвиток, зокрема, кількість студентів вищих закладів освіти, рівень та стан фінансування вищої освіти та науки (як загалом, так і в перерахунку на одного студента), можливості та результати рейтингування в глобальних рейтингах та індексах. Досліджені основні тенденції зміни даних показників. Визначено пріоритети формування інтелектуального потенціалу держави та можливості його розвитку.